社区居民对旅游生态补偿的感知研究


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摘要:以旅游发展典型县域阳朔县为例,立足于旅游地社区居民对旅游生态补偿的感知视角,采用问卷调研方法进行数据收集并利用SPSS19.0统计软件进行数据分析处理。结果表明,居民对旅游负面影响中的物价上涨、交通拥堵、生态环境破坏、水质污染感知强烈,而正面影响主要集中在改善生活水平、经济带动、改善卫生环境和增强幸福感;社区居民对当前所获得的旅游补偿很不满意,且强烈期望政府和景区能提供税收优惠及资金补助;社区居民对旅游生态补偿的感知可分为经济效益补偿、社会效益补偿、环境效益补偿和文化效益补偿4个类别;从居民感知视角分析旅游生态补偿,并从中提炼出社区居民对旅游生态补偿的感知类别和利益诉求,对于构建科学的可持续人地关系有一定的指导作用,也是进一步实现阳朔旅游健康有序发展的保障。

关键词:旅游生态补偿;社区居民;感知;阳朔县

中图分类号:F590.31        文献标识码:A        文章编号:0439-8114(2015)23-6062-08

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.068

Residents’ Perception on Tourism Ecological Compensation

——A Case Study of Yangshuo County

YANG Zhu-quan1, ZHANG Zhi-ming2, WANG Li-na2

(1. Economy and Management Department, Hezhou College, Hezhou 542800, Guangxi, China;

2. Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China)

Abstract: Taking the typical tourist area Yangshuo county as an example, based on the community residents’ perception of tourism ecological compensation, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and SPSS19.0 was used for data analysis. The results indicated that residents had strong negative awareness about rising prices, traffic jam, ecological environmental damage and water pollution, and the positive impact focused on improvement of living standards, economic drive, improvement of the environment and enhancement of happiness; Community residents were not satisfied with current tourism compensation, and intensively expected the government and scenic department to provide tax incentives or funding support; Community residents’ perception of tourism ecological compensation could be divided into four categories: economic benefit compensation, social benefit compensation, environmental benefit compensation and cultural benefit compensation; Analyzing tourism ecological compensation from perspective of community residents’ perception of tourism ecological compensation, the perceptual categories and benefit demands in tourism ecological compensation can be extracted, which would have certain guiding effect in building a scientific and sustainable man-land relationship, and providing a reliable guarantee to realize healthy and orderly development of tourism in Yangshuo county.

Key words: tourism ecological compensation;community resident;perception;Yangshuo county

在工业化、城市化和现代化快速推进的新形势下,经济发展和生态环境的协调可持续发展面临重大考验,而环境恶化、资源短缺、生态失衡等问题越来越突出,已成为制约经济更好更快发展的重要因素。由于生态环境本身具有公共物品属性,使得以消费生态环境资源为核心的生态旅游产品在消费过程中容易产生“公地悲剧”和搭便车问题。在盲目追求经济效益的驱使下,生态环境资源被过度利用,而保护措施和监管力度的不足或缺失将使得生态环境遭受严重破坏,进而使得当地生态失衡,导致人地关系矛盾尖锐,并出现返贫困等系列问题。近年来,国家高度重视经济发展和生态环境保护,强调走科学可持续发展道路。2011年国家《十二五规划纲要》指出要加快建立生态补偿机制,而党的十八大报告中更是专门论述生态文明,划定生态保护红线,实行资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度,2013年《国务院关于生态补偿机制建设工作情况的报告》指出要积极推进重点领域生态补偿实践,2014年《国务院关于促进旅游业改革的若干意见》中指出要在2015年底完成编制全国生态旅游规划,引导生态旅游健康发展,带动贫困地区脱贫致富,并持续实施生态环境保护建设。这充分说明环境保护和生态补偿问题已上升到了新的战略高度,关注生态旅游背景下经济社会与环境的协调可持续发展也成为切实需求。

推荐访问:感知 补偿 居民 生态 研究